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Hematology Educational

Educational topics and Case Studies

Hematology Teaching Cases at ASH
Lab tests, photos of physical findings, images of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates and discussions of the pathophysiology behind disease findings. American Society of Hematology.

Hemachromatography Case Studies
Cases illustrate a different hematologic disorder

Hematopathology Case Studies from SUNY
A pathology course for second year medical students that offers a collection of case studies related to anemias and leukocyte disorders with clinical history, laboratory results, and microscopic findings.

 Virtual Hematopathology from University of Oklahoma
Presents short case summaries including the history, pertinent physical examination, laboratory data and microscopic slides. Hematology/Oncology Section, Dept. of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.

Basic Hematology Web Tutorial - From the University of Virginia, Dept. of Pathology

Haematology Down Under

Lessons for the Unwary – Stanford University School of Medicine, case study (splenomegaly and importance of physical findings on examination)

Normal Hematopoiesis RBC Morphology

von Willebrand's Disease - Matt Klimshuk has gathered some excellent links

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Tutorials

Blood Banking

Additional sections of this tutorial include:

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Blood Donation

There is always a need for blood donors. Modern medical care, including surgery and medical treatment for many diseases, is not possible without the use of blood products. A shortage of blood products means that someone may not get prompt, adequate care.

Whole blood is collected from healthy donors who are required to meet strict criteria concerning:

  • Medical history

  • Physical health

  • Possible contact with transfusion-transmissible infectious diseases, including a history of:

o        Sexual behavior

o        Drug use

o        Travel to areas of endemic disease (e.g., malaria)

A photo identification is required for all donors. The potential donor must:

  • Be in good health and feeling well on the day of donation.
  • Be on no prescribed medication that would cause the donor a problem when donating or that would affect the recipient
  • Have a hemoglobin (red blood cell) level which meets the established U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard.
  • Wait 56 days before giving another donation of whole blood.

All donors are required to complete a health questionnaire and blood safety form during a confidential interview by a donor center health care worker each time they come in to donate blood. The purpose of this process is to determine whether a donation can be obtained safely.

Please note that AIDS and other infectious diseases CANNOT be transmitted to a blood donor. The equipment used to collect blood is sterile, used only once and then discarded. There is NO risk of contracting AIDS or any other infectious disease by donating blood.

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The Blood Donation Process Illustrated

  1. In the interview process a questionnaire is filled out. The questions are designed to identify potential health problems for the donor or potential infections that may be present in the donor that could be transmitted through transfusion to another person.

  2. A fingerstick yields a drop of blood for testing to determine if the donor has a high enough hematocrit to safely donate blood.

  3. The blood is drawn into a capillary tube which is then spun in the small centrifuge (seen in the background) to determine the hematocrit.

  4. The donor sits in a reclining chair. An inflatable cuff on the arm is used to check blood pressure and to maintain venous filling.

  5. The site for drawing blood is selected and disinfected. A prominent vein is chosen for the venipuncture site.

  6. The disinfectant is applied to the area around the vein to be used.

  7. The needle used to draw the blood from the vein is gently inserted.

  8. Blood fills the collection bag by gravity in a few minutes. The sealed plastic collection bag contains a blood preservative.

  9. Just after the bag has filled, blood from the line is taken to fill several vacutainer tubes for further testing.

  10. The needle is removed and pressure is applied over the venipuncture site, then a bandage is placed for the next couple of hours.

  11. The donor drinks some liquid (here a tube of apple juice) to replace the lost blood volume, eats some cookies, and is on his way in about 10 minutes.

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Haematology Home

 

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